Master Energie, parcours Thermal engineering

• Project topics are given by research professors and researchers, engineers or industrialists.
• The subjects concern the research activities of the various laboratories and companies involved
• The subjects require simulation and/or experimentation
• The projects are carried out by TEN and EEN students.

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• Develop the conversational aspect of the language and practice speaking and writing. This is generally achieved through active learning: role-playing, dialogues and interactive exercises.
• Focus on step-by-step progress, everyday themes, and learner discovery of how the language works.

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• Project topics are given by research professors and researchers, engineers, or industrialists.
• The subjects concern the research activities of the various laboratories and companies involved
• The subjects require simulation and/or experimentation
• The projects are carried out by TEN and EEN students.

Voir la page complète

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Flow phenomenology to describe the aerodynamic forces exerted by a moving fluid on a body immersed in the fluid.
Description of lift and drag.
Translation of aerodynamic forces on a structure into aerodynamic coefficients.
Polar diagrams linking aerodynamic coefficients.
Description of compressible flows.
Review of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics equations for application to compressible flows.
Illustration of compressible flows in one-dimensional cases (perfect fluid, with friction, with heating, with section change, etc.).
Calculation of variables of interest (pressure, velocity, heat exchange, etc.) in compressible flows and description of shock waves.
Applications of compressible flows in nozzles.
Description of turbulence phenomena in flows.
Consequences of turbulence in flows and on heat transfer.
Principles of turbulence modelling (statistical treatment of transport equations, closure models).
Introduction to the different turbulence models commonly used in CFD numerical simulation, detailing their concept, specific features, strengths and limitations.
Illustrations of the various phenomena in the form of practical exercises: wind tunnels, optical measurement bench, numerical practical exercises, etc.

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Handling a CFD tool

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Chapter  1. Introduction , convection regimes, Newton's law, range of h values, factors involved in the calculation of h, boundary layer, general formulation, Nusselt number, local quantities and mean quantities

Chapter 2. External forced convection - Boundary layer, flat plate in laminar regime, resolution of conservation equations in the Prandtl hypothesis, flate plate in turbulent regime, flow around a sheet of tubes

Chapter 3. Internal forced convection -  Fully developed flow regime, inlet length, laminar flow in a tube, turbulent flow in a tube

Chapter 4. Natural convection    - Coefficient of thermal expansion. Buoyancy force. Grashof and Rayleigh numbers Boundary layer. Vertical and horizontal plates - Cylinders

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This course consists of 2 parts: 1) Two-phase heat transfer, 2) Matter transfer

1) Two-phase heat transfer 6CM, 4TD, 4TP

• introduction to the physical mechanisms of phase change
• boiling: Nukyama curve, nucleate and film boiling, critical flows, two-phase flows
• condensation: physical mechanisms, laminar and turbulent condensation, flat-plate and tube condensation
• heat exchange intensification, examples of two-phase heat exchangers

2) Mass transfer, 6CM, 4TD, 4TP

• Lecture 1: Mass Transfer
      Introduction
          Objectives
          Bibliography
          Review
      Quantifying Energy and Matter
          Mass and Energy Balances
          Mixture of Components
          Flux Density for Binary Mixtures
          Mass Diffusivity or Diffusion Coefficient
      Fluid Flow Problems
          Definitions
          Expression of Mass Fluxes
          Summary
      Transient Regime
          Formulation
          Heat-Mass Analogy
      Exercise

• Lecture 2: Mass Transfer - Boundary Conditions
      Gas/Liquid Equilibrium
          Henry's Law
          Raoult's Law
      Gas/Solid Equilibrium
          Solubility
          Sorption
          Sorption Isotherm
      Boundary Conditions
          Introduction to the Problem
          Continuity of Variables
• Lecture 3: Heat-Mass Analogies
      Boundary Layer Analogy
          Heat Convection/Mass Convection
          Lewis Number
          Synthesis
      Evaporation
          Convection and Evaporation
          Link between Heat and Mass Fluxes
      Thermal-Mass Equivalence

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The plan of the course is :

1/ Introduction to Heat exchangers
    Introduction
        Heat exchanger principle
        Classification
    Heat transfer basics
        Thermal Resistance
        Fins
    Exercices
        Engine
        Fuel Cell

2/ Log Mean Temperature Difference
    Energy balance on a single tube
        Energy balance
        One tube calculations
    Heat exchanger
        Overall energy balance
        Parallel flow heat exchanger
        Counterflow heat exchanger

3/ The Effectiveness¿NTU Method
    Effectiveness
        Definition
        Ideal counterflow heat exchanger
        Function of the cold or hot side
    NTU
        Definition
        Example of parallel flow heat-exchanger
        Conclusion for PF heat-exchanger
        Expressions for a variety of heat exchangers

4/ Heat Exchangers grids
    Introduction
    Series architecture
        Architecture ?
        Temperature ratio
        Effectiveness
        NTU
    Parrallel - series architecture
        Cold fluid in parallel and hot fluid in series
        Hot fluid in parallel and cold fluid in series

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Acoustics: definitions, propagation in open and closed environments, application to buildings and machines, attenuation techniques. Vibration: discretisation of a structure, vibration frequencies and modes, beam vibrations, application to rotating machinery, insulation, spectral analysis, faults, balancing, predictive maintenance.

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This course covers the fundamental principles of refrigeration and heat pump cycles.

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Different technologies, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and mass transfer for fuel cells, polarization curve, efficiency, basic calculations for PEMFC and SOFC          

Différentes technologies, thermodynamique, électrochimie et transfert de masse pour les piles à combustibles, courbe de polarisation, rendement, calculs de base pour les PEMFC et SOFC                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
            

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Electrical machines have broadly been used in many industries including the transportation industry. Electrical machines with higher power density and higher efficiency are demanded and, thus, more stringent thermal management requirements are needed for electrified vehicle applications. Design considerations, challenges, and methods for enhanced thermal management concern this course. Fundamental thermal properties of common materials are presented and sources of losses in various parts of machines are explained. Furthermore, typical cooling techniques and thermal analysis approaches for electrical machines are reviewed in detail.

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Syllabus :

      - Current (fossil, nuclear, hydraulic) and alternative (renewable, H2);

      - Resource estimation methods and key figures.

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This course aims to understand how electricity markets work (price formation, sub-marginal rents, impact of the introduction of renewable energy, reserve mechanisms to ensure the stability of the electricity network, demand-side shaving, NEBEF, capacity mechanisms, frequency control, etc.) and the link with the carbon market. The general organisation of the electricity sector is explained, including the roles of the regulator, transmission and distribution system operators, electricity producers and suppliers, aggregators, etc. The origins of the opening up of the electricity sector to competition are explained, using the concepts of economies of scale, natural monopolies and the evolution of technologies and costs in this industry.

A large part of the course is also devoted to explaining how the European carbon market works, what the determinants are that help explain the formation of the carbon price and what strategies electricity producers are using to reduce their CO2 emissions in response to the carbon price (reversing the order in which power stations are called up, co-combustion of wood in coal-fired power stations, hydrogen in gas-fired power stations, etc.).

Numerous illustrative exercises are provided for students to calculate the price of electricity at different times, rents, the remuneration of renewable energy operators benefiting from various support mechanisms (feed-in tariffs, contracts for the

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Scientific writing is an important and precise type of technical writing that requires an understanding of technical document structure and the information researcher are presenting. Learning scientific writing skills can help a researcher craft more informative, engaging scientific documents (articles, thesis).

In this lecture we explore what scientific writing is, highlight the features of good scientific writing and review some helpful tips for writing your own documents

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This course aims to understand how electricity markets work (price formation, sub-marginal rents, impact of the introduction of renewable energy, reserve mechanisms to ensure the stability of the electricity network, demand-side shaving, NEBEF, capacity mechanisms, frequency control, etc.) and the link with the carbon market. The general organisation of the electricity sector is explained, including the roles of the regulator, transmission and distribution system operators, electricity producers and suppliers, aggregators, etc. The origins of the opening up of the electricity sector to competition are explained, using the concepts of economies of scale, natural monopolies and the evolution of technologies and costs in this industry.

A large part of the course is also devoted to explaining how the European carbon market works, what the determinants are that help explain the formation of the carbon price and what strategies electricity producers are using to reduce their CO2 emissions in response to the carbon price (reversing the order in which power stations are called up, co-combustion of wood in coal-fired power stations, hydrogen in gas-fired power stations, etc.).

Numerous illustrative exercises are provided for students to calculate the price of electricity at different times, rents, the remuneration of renewable energy operators benefiting from various support mechanisms (feed-in tariffs, contracts for the

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NUCLEAR

Nuclear power plant: history, operating principle and elements of a nuclear power plant. Electricity production chain: nuclear vessel, primary circuit, steam generator, secondary circuit, steam turbine and alternator coupling. Elements of nuclear physics: basic nuclear properties, mass, charge, angular momentum of the nucleus, dynamic properties, DE BROGLIE wave, SCHRÖDINGER equation and application cases, nuclear binding energy, energy levels of nuclei, radioactive disintegrations (alpha, beta), different nuclear reactions, cross sections, fission...Elements of nuclear metallurgy.

HYDROGEN ENERGY

History, composition, use of hydrogen, hydrogen as an energy carrier, different applications, PEM in particular. Storage, combustion of H2, oxidation in PEMs, the risks inherent in hydrogen, manufacturing processes, current policy and its developments in the field.

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Topic 1. Wind energy: Wind resources (Weibull distribution, data analysis), wind power (Betz limit), rotor aerodynamics, electricity generation from wind turbines.

Topic 2. Solar thermal energy: solar resources, flat-plate and evacuated-tube solar thermal collectors: principles, efficiency.

Topic 3. Photovoltaic solar energy: Photovoltaic conversion, solar panel technologies, cell and panel configurations, off-grid and grid-connected installations

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Training on COMSOL multiphysics FE software and FLUENT FE software (laminar and turbulent MoF). Definition of the geometry studied and definition of the study parameters (thermophysical parameters and boundary conditions). Meshing and optimisation. Resolution and optimisation. Exploitation of results. Study of specific cases in steady state and transient conditions. Special cases of coupled problem studies (e.g. thermofluidic, thermoelectric....)

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Introduction to the classification of partial differential equations used in thermal and fluid mechanics: method of characteristics.
Parameters required to solve the equation: domain, boundary conditions, etc.
Finite difference methods: choice of a method suited to the physical problem to be solved: Crank-Nicolson method, method of alternating directions.

Finite volume method: field of application, description of the method for fluid dynamics equations. Choice of options in CFD tools for optimising simulations

1/ Introduction to optimisation
        Formulation of an optimisation problem
        Example of linear programming
        Local and global minima

2/ Optimisation methods
      1D: Interval elimination, Powell method, Newton-Raphson method
      ND: Simplex method, Newton-Raphson method, conjugate gradient method, Davidon-Fletcher-Powell algorithm (DFP), Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno algorithm (BFGS)

3/ Solving PDEs - matrix approach
   Discretisation of space and time
        Vector relationship, Matrix representation formulation
        Explicit formulation, Implicit formulation, Stability analysis

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• Elément 1  Conversion d'énergie et efficacité énergétique  : différentes sources (combustibles fossiles, fission et fusion, soleil,vents et marées, géothermie ), différentes formes (chimique, nucléaire, mécanique, électricité), technologies de conversion et rendements associés,                                                                                                                                                              
• Elément 2 Stockage d'énergie   : nécessité du stockage, différentes technologies (électrochimie, électrostatique, supra-conducteurs, volant d'inertie, stockage gravitaire, chaleur sans et avec changement de phase, air comprimé) et chiffres clés   
• Element 3  Réseaux énergétiques : réseaux de distribution des hydrocarbures, réseaux électriques (principes, technologies, pertes), réseaux de chaleur (principes, technologies, pertes)

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Conversion d'énergie et efficacité énergétique  : différentes sources (combustibles fossiles, fission et fusion, soleil,vents et marées, géothermie ), différentes formes (chimique, nucléaire, mécanique, électricité), technologies de conversion et rendements associés,

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Réseaux énergétiques : réseaux de distribution des hydrocarbures, réseaux électriques (principes, technologies, pertes), réseaux de chaleur (principes, technologies, pertes)

Energy networks: hydrocarbon distribution networks, electrical networks (principles, technologies, losses), heating networks (principles, technologies, losses)

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Stockage d'énergie   : nécessité du stockage, différentes technologies (électrochimie, électrostatique, supra-conducteurs, volant d'inertie, stockage gravitaire, chaleur sans et avec changement de phase, air comprimé) et chiffres clés

Energy storage: storage need , different technologies (electrochemistry, electrostatics, superconductors, flywheel, gravity storage, heat without and with phase change, compressed air) and key figures

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• Project topics are given by research professors and researchers, engineers or industrialists.
• The subjects concern the research activities of the various laboratories and companies involved
• The subjects require simulation and/or experimentation
• The projects are carried out by TEN and EEN students.

Voir la page complète

• Develop the conversational aspect of the language and practice speaking and writing. This is generally achieved through active learning: role-playing, dialogues and interactive exercises.
• Focus on step-by-step progress, everyday themes, and learner discovery of how the language works.

Voir la page complète

• Project topics are given by research professors and researchers, engineers, or industrialists.
• The subjects concern the research activities of the various laboratories and companies involved
• The subjects require simulation and/or experimentation
• The projects are carried out by TEN and EEN students.

Voir la page complète

Syllabus & Targeted skills:

The subjects of tutored projects are given by teacher-researchers or researchers as well as by engineers or industrialists. They are in line with the research activities of the support laboratories and industrial expectations. The topics covered must allow the experimental implementation and/or simulation. The projects are carried out in teams of 2 to 8 students.

- Implement in a global way, on a given study, the knowledge acquired during the master's training that makes it possible to correlate teaching and project.

- Develop its "know-how" by putting in a situation conducive to observation and exchange within the group and in the organization involved in the project.

-          Learn to work in a project group in an effective and enriching way with a dual perspective of developing one's autonomy and ability to work and organize one another in a team.

-          Become aware of the distance to take to develop a critical, constructive, relevant reflection and learn to communicate it to its "sponsor".

-          Learn how to search for and synthesize information.

-          Master the key factors for the success of a project and knowledge of the toolbox useful for the conduct of a project.

-          Know how to organize, guide, plan and manage a project.

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•  Project topics are given by research professors and researchers, engineers or industrialists.

•  The subjects concern the research activities of the various laboratories and companies involved

•  The subjects require simulation and/or experimentation

•  The projects are carried out by TEN and EEN students.

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- Develop the conversational aspect of the language and practice speaking and writing. This is generally achieved through active learning: role-playing, dialogues and interactive exercises.

- Focus on step-by-step progress, everyday themes, and learner discovery of how the language works.

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Utilisation avancée des outils de CFD - optimisation de géométrie - optimisation de maillage - modélisation de cas concrets.

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Principes de simulation thermique dynamique appliqués aux cas des bâtiments, apports "gratuits" (solaires, métaboliques, pertes des appareils), pertes par transmission et ventilation, confort d'été, architectures bioclimatiques, optimisation de  bâtiment pour assurer à la fois de faibles besoins de chauffage et un confort d'été

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Principles of dynamic thermal simulation applied to buildings, "free" inputs (solar, metabolic, losses from appliances), losses through transmission and ventilation, summer comfort, bioclimatic architectures, building optimisation to ensure both low heating requirements and summer comfort.

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• Analyse de système de co-génération et de tri-génération fioul, gaz, solaire, piles à combustible

• Bilan d'énergie sur une installation de cogénération : adaptation des puissances thermiques, électriques

• Conditions de fonctionnement optimales

• Etude de cas

• Analysis of oil, gas, solar, fuel cell co-generation and tri-generation systems
• Energy balance on a cogeneration installation: adaptation of thermal and electrical powers
• Optimal operating conditions
• Case study

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• Systèmes pile à combustible : définition, limites, contraintes, optimisation
• Modélisation des différentes stratégies de gestion de l'énergie dans des applications transport

• Fuel cell systems: definition, limits, constraints, optimization
• Modeling of different energy management strategies in transportation applications

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Apprentissage des différentes technologies, de la thermodynamique, de l'électrochimie et du transfert de masse pour les électrolyseurs. Etude des courbes de polarisation, rendement. Calculs de base    

Learning about different technologies, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and mass transfer for electrolysers. Study of polarization curves, efficiency. Basic calculations

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- Ecoulements alternés, Prise en compte de milieux poreux et/ou structuré (cogénérateur)

- Machines à apport thermique externe (Cogénérateurs,  Systèmes thermoacoustiques, Stirling, Ericsson), 

- Systèmes refroidisseurs innovants (Magnétocaloriques).

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- Alternating flows, consideration of porous and/or structured media (cogenerators)
- Machines with external heat input (cogenerators, thermoacoustic systems, Stirling, Ericsson),
- Innovative cooling systems (Magnetocalorics).

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- Dynamic temperature measurement
- Thermal micrometry in fluids (temperatures and flows): principles and applications
- Infrared spectroscopy for temperature and species concentration measurements in semi-transparent media
        - Radiative Transfer Equation
        - Principles and experimental set-ups
        - Data processing (inversion method)
- Optical measurements in flows
       - Flow visualization techniques (tomography, ombroscopy, strioscopy).
       - Velocimetry techniques (Laser Doppler Velocimetry, Particle Image Velocimetry, data processing).
       - Methods for measuring other quantities (Pressure Sensitive Paints, Fluorescence, Granulometry).
       - Intrusive measurement methods using wired microsensors.

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- Mesures de températures dynamiques

- Micromesures thermiques dans les fluides (températures et flux) : principes et réalisations

- Spectroscopie infrarouge pour les mesures de températures et de concentrations d'espèces dans les milieux semi-transparents

        - Equation du Transfert Radiatif : ETR

        - Principes et montages expérimentaux

        - Traitements des données (méthode d'inversion)

- Mesures optiques dans les écoulements

       - Techniques de visualisation d'écoulements (tomographie, ombroscopie, strioscopie).

       - Techniques de vélocimétrie (Vélocimétrie Laser Doppler, Vélocimétrie par Images de Particules, traitement des données).

       - Méthodes de mesures d'autres grandeurs (Peintures Sensibles à la Pression, Fluorescence, Granulométrie).

       - Méthodes de mesures intrusives à l'aide de microcapte

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1. Introduction
2. Fundamental transforms
3. Exergetic analyse of the compression processes
4. Exergetic analyse of the expansion processes
5. Exergetic analyse of the heat exchanges
6. Applications

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The energies course underlines the challenges to overcome to make acceptable the energy transition and
provides a critical overview of present and emerging available energy systems

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Scientific writing is an important and precise type of technical writing that requires an understanding of technical document structure and the information researcher are presenting. Learning scientific writing skills can help a researcher craft more informative, engaging scientific documents (articles, thesis, report).

In this lecture we explore what scientific writing is, highlight the features of good scientific writing and review some helpful tips for writing your own documents

Scientific writing is an important and precise type of technical writing that requires an understanding of technical document structure and the information researcher are presenting. Learning scientific writing skills can help a researcher craft more informative, engaging scientific documents (articles, thesis, report).

In this lecture we explore what scientific writing is, highlight the features of good scientific writing and review some helpful tips for writing your own documents

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1/ In a laboratory or R&D department, the aim of this placement is :
- to discover the world of research through first-hand experience in a laboratory or R&D department;
- to put into practice the knowledge acquired throughout the course;
- test their communication, integration and teamwork skills, as well as their ability to carry out research work independently.
2/ The aim of the work placement is to :
- to give students the opportunity to apply the knowledge they have acquired throughout their training to the constraints of working life;
- to enable them to test their communication, integration and teamwork skills;
- give them a real first professional experience that will maximise their chances of finding their first job.

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